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Sand Point and Middle Hope
Sand Point in Somerset, England, is the peninsula stretching out from Middle Hope, an biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It lies to the north of the village of Kewstoke, and the stretch of coastline called Sand Bay north of the town of Weston-super-Mare. On a clear day it commands views over Flat Holm, of the Bristol Channel, South Wales, Clevedon, the Second Severn Crossing and the Severn Bridge. A line drawn between Sand Point and Lavernock Point in South Wales marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary and the start of the Bristol Channel.
Middle Hope is a sequence of carboniferous limestone with unusual geological features including a Pleistocene-aged fossil cliff and as a result has been designated as a regionally important geological site. The underlying geology and soil types support scarce plants such as the smallflower buttercup, honewort, Cheddar pink and Somerset hair grass. Human use of the sites is shown by a bowl barrow and disc barrow from late Neolithic or Bronze Age and the site of a likely motte-and-bailey castle. Woodspring Priory, a former Augustinian priory which was founded in the early 13th century, sits just inland of the rocky promontory. The priory and surrounding land is owned by the National Trust and is a popular place for walking.
==Geology==
At Middle Hope a sequence of carboniferous limestone is exposed, which includes thick volcanic tuffs and lavas, demonstrating Tournaisian carbonate sections. The site contains a Pleistocene-aged fossil cliff and shore platform.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/Environment/Planning_policy_and-research/Documents/Supplementary%20planning%20documents/North%20Somerset%20landscape%20character%20assessment%20supplementary%20planning%20document%20(pdf).pdf )〕 These features have led to the designation of Middle Hope as a regionally important geological site (RIGS).〔
The raised beach of wave-cut platforms has been created by changes in sea level of the Bristol Channel since the Quaternary period.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.severn-boating.co.uk/estuary.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID30.aspx )〕 The arrangement of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, including the Black Rock Limestone, illustrates the events of 350 million years ago.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://avonrigsoutcrop.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/rigs-of-month-march-middle-hope.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/chemistry/research/ogu/news/2013/23.html )〕 The strata have been tilted and compressed during the variscan orogeny.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://avonrigsoutcrop.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/rigs-of-month-march-middle-hope.html )〕
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